Volume 1 : Issue 1, December 2011
Table of Contents, 11 Dec 2011
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Research Title/ Field |
Article (Abstract) |
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Increasing Guinea Fowl Eggs Availability and Hatchability in the Dry Season |
Original Research, A1 ABSTRACT: The study was designed to identify the possibility of making guinea fowls (Numida meleagris) to lay fertile eggs throughout the year and was investigated for nine months. Fifty guinea fowls (growers) consisting of ten males and forty females were purchased and raised to laying stage. At the laying stage, they were fed with commercial layer diet, confined in the day time and opened at 3:00 p.m. to go out and forage until 6:00 p.m. when they were driven back into the pen. Their supplementary feed intake and egg laying performance were monitored during the period. The eggs were artificially incubated to determine hatching rate. The results showed that the fowls’ mean supplementary feed intake was 84.5g/fowl/day and laid a total of 3,920 eggs in nine months investigation period by an average of 39 guinea hens. The hatching rate of the eggs was mostly found to be in the range of 66% to 69% but fell sharply to 18% in December at the peak of the harmattan season. It was concluded that good feeding and provision of water ad lib to the guinea fowls were effective means of making them lay eggs even in the dry season. The North – East dry winds (harmattan) which occur annually from November to February, was suspected to have negative influence on guinea fowl egg production and hatchability. Keywords: Guinea fowls, egg production, Harmattan, incubation, hatching rate. |
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A Review of egg Production in Botswana |
Review Article, A2 Moreki JC and Montsho T. J. World's Poult. Res. 1(1): 4-6. 2011. ABSTRACT: The egg industry has grown significantly over time, thus leading to the country becoming self-sufficient in table egg production. Currently, the per capita consumption of eggs in Botswana is estimated to be about 62 eggs per person per year. The five major egg producing districts are South-East, Kgatleng, Francistown, Selebi Phikwe and Kweneng with South East being the largest producer of eggs in the country. It appears that only Chobe district does not produce eggs but relies on supplies from other districts. The industry is challenged by inter alia high feed costs, inadequate extension service, disease outbreaks, poor infrastructure, unorganized marketing and irregular supply of pullets. It is suggested that further processing of eggs should be started in the country and also that egg production should be promoted in Chobe District. Keywords: Commercial sector, egg production, per capita consumption, traditional sector |
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Duck Production: Has a Potential to Reduce Poverty among Rural Households in Asian Communities – A Review |
Review Article, A3 J. World's Poult. Res. 1(1): 7-10. 2011. ABSTRACT: Duck production plays an important part in the agricultural economy of many Asia countries. The continent alone accounts for 82.6% of the total duck meat produced worldwide. Not only is Asia involved in duck production but also duck meat, eggs and their products are relished and consumed by many Asians. In spite of this, intensive education to empower rural households to increase duck production is limited. In recent times, much emphasize is being laid on commercialization to increase production at the neglect of rural household production. Subsequently this can affect the income levels of many rural households in Asia countries with the potential and can take the advantage to engage in duck production should they have been given adequate training and education. Poverty alleviation among rural communities had involved a number of strategies including women empowerment, promotion of crop, poultry and livestock production, and various activities of governmental and non-governmental organizations geared towards community development. Considering the population, importance and prospects of duck production in Asia, this mini review discusses the potentials duck farming has in reducing poverty level among rural communities in Asia. Keywords: Duck production, poverty alleviation, rural household |
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Strain and Sex Effects on Productive and Slaughter Performance of Local Egyptian and Canadian Chicken Strains |
Original Research, A4 Taha AE, Abd El-Ghany FA and Sharaf MM. J. World's Poult. Res. 1(1): 11-17. 2011. ABSTRACT: This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of strain and sex on productive performance and slaughter traits of chickens. A total of 1951 one day old chicks of three Canadian dual purpose strains (Shaver A, B and C) and two Egyptian strains (Salam and Mandarah) were used. Productive performance measured from one day old to 12 weeks of age and slaughter traits were recorded for cocks at 12 weeks of age. Results revealed that strain effect was clear for Shaver C strain for body weight, weight gain, feed consumption. In addition Shaver C had better feed conversion, dressing, fleshing, liver, glycogen, tenderness percentages but recorded the highest percentages for abdominal and total fat content as well as lowest testicular weight of cocks. Shaver B showed higher percentages for blood loss, feather, bones, gizzard and spleen percentages but Shaver A showed the highest percentages for pH content, ashes, color and water holding capacity. Sex effect showed superiority of males over females for body weight allover study period, weight gain during 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12 weeks and feed consumption during 6, 8, 10 and 12 weeks of age, while sex effect was not clear for feed conversion. Shaver C strain had the best averages for most productive and slaughter traits. Keywords: Egypt, Productive performance, Sex, Shaver, Slaughter traits, Strain. |
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Immune response to inactivated Newcastle disease virus by Electrolysed Catholyte Anolyte and Binary ethylenimine in specific pathogen free chickens |
Original Research, A5 Mohammed M.H., Alazawy A., Abdul Ahad4 E.A., Zahid, A.Al-A. and Hasoon, M.F. J. World's Poult. Res. 1(1): 18-21. 2011. ABSTRACT: This study aimed to investigate the immunogenicity of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) in specific-pathogen-free (SPF) chickens. The NDV was inactivated using either Binary ethyleneimine (BEI) or Electrolysed water-Catholyte-Anolyte (ECA). Complete inactivation of NDV occurred after 24 hours with either BEI or ECA. Prepared inactivated NDV vaccines were tested for their efficiency in generating humoral immune response in different groups of specific pathogen free (SPF) chicks. Test groups received 0.2 ml BEI inactivated NDV (NDVBEI) and ECA (NDVECA) subcutaneously. No significant ELISA total mean titer between NDVBEI group (11303 ± 4515) and NDVECA (12131 ± 1932) (p |
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Immune Response to Killed Very Virulent Infectious Bursal Disease Virus by Water-Catholyte-Anolyte in Specific-Pathogenic-Free Chickens |
Original Research, A6 ABSTRACT: This study aimed to investigate the efficacy, safety and immunogenicity of the attenuated and inactivated Malaysian isolate of vvIBDV (UPM0081) in specific-pathogen-free (SPF) chickens. The UPM0081T15 passage 15 and UPM0081T20 passage 20 of vvIBDV attenuated in Vero cells were inactivated using water-Catholyte-Anolyte (ECA). Complete inactivation of UPM0081T15 with titer of 106.7 TCID50/0.1 mL and UPM0081T20 with titer of 107.4 TCID50/0.1mL occurred after 24 hours. The inactivated virus suspension and an equal volume of Freund’s incomplete adjuvant were mixed together water-in-oil emulsion and injected subcutaneously into 42-day-old SPF chickens. Neither clinical signs nor gross lesions were observed in chickens before and after vvIBDV challenged. High and protective level of IBD antibody titer was recorded into 2 groups at 2 weeks post infection and 2 weeks post challenged. The study showed that both the inactivated UPM0081T15 and UPM0081T20 was safe and could provide 100% protection against vvIBDV challenged with titer of 107.8 EID50/ 0.1 mL. |
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Ocular Bulb as a Matrix of Selection in Detection of Clenbuterol: an effective Monitoring in Breeding Turkey |
Original Research, A7 ABSTRACT: Clenbuterol is a B2-agonist licensed in Europe solely as a muscle relaxant in pregnant cattle, usually during calf delivery, and for tocolysis and treatment of respiratory diseases in horses. Different use in animals is considered illegal because this growth promoter can endanger human health. The aim of this work was to monitor the presence of clenbuterol in a not official and inedible matrix (where there is strong evidence of its potential accumulation), as ocular bulb, collected in 2007-2009 from turkeys at public slaughterhouses in Central-Northern Italy. The 280 collected samples were analysed with a new and effective method of extraction and purification based on HPLC analysis with UV-DAD detection. The average extraction recoveries were 80.60±1.57%. All the samples were below the quantification limit (0.010 µg/mL). At 95% confidence level the percentage of positive turkeys breeding-farms was below 14%. This allows extending positive evaluations on the safety of edible tissues of Italian turkey. |
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